Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Smell (olfactory) Hallucinations of odour can occur in schizophrenia and organic states and, uncommonly, in depressive psychosis. It may be difficult to be sure if there is a hallucination or an illusion. There may also be a problem distinguishing olfactory hallucination from delusion since there are some people who … Continue reading OLFACTORY Hallucinations

Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Vision These may be elementary in the form of flashes of light, partly organised in the form of patterns, or completely organised in the form of visions of people, objects or animals. Figures of living things and inanimate objects may appear against the normally perceived environment or scenic hallucinations … Continue reading VISUAL Hallucinations

Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Hearing (auditory) Hallucinatory voices were called ‘phonemes’ by Wernicke in 1900, although this term, a technical one derived from linguistics, is rarely used now. Auditory hallucination may be elementary and unformed, and experienced as simple noises, bells, undifferentiated whispers or voices. Elementary auditory hallucinations can occur in organic states … Continue reading AUDITORY Hallucinations

Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Causes Hallucinations can be the result of intense emotions or psychiatric disorder, suggestion, disorders of sense organs, sensory deprivation and disorders of the central nervous system. Emotion Very depressed patients with delusions of guilt may hear voices reproaching them. These are not the continuous voices of paranoid schizophrenia or … Continue reading causes of Hallucinations

Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Definitions The definition of a hallucination as ‘a perception without an object’ has the advantage of being simple and to the point but is does not quite cover functional hallucinations. To cover these and to exclude dreams Jaspers suggested the following definition ‘a false perception which is not a … Continue reading Hallucinations