Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Extracampine hallucinations The patient has a hallucination that is outside the limits of the sensory field. For example, a patient sees somebody standing behind them when they are looking straight ahead or hear voices talking in London when they are in Liverpool. These hallucinations can occur in healthy people … Continue reading Extracampine Hallucinations
Functional Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Functional Hallucinations An auditory stimulus causes a hallucination but the stimulus is experienced as well as the hallucination. In other words the hallucination requires the presence of another real sensation. For example, a patient with schizophrenia first heard the voice of God as her clock ticked; later she heard … Continue reading Functional Hallucinations
Hallucinatory syndromes
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Hallucinatory syndromes Hallucinatory syndromes, also termed hallucinosis, refer to those disorders in which there are persistent hallucinations in any sensory modality in the absence of other psychotic features. The main hallucinatory syndromes that are identified are: alcoholic hallucinosis; these hallucinations are usually auditory and occur during periods of relative … Continue reading Hallucinatory syndromes
SENSE OF PRESENCE
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology The sense of ‘presence’ It is difficult to classify an abnormal sense of presence because, although it is not strictly a sense deception, it cannot be regarded as a delusion either. Most normal people have from time to time the sense that someone is present when they are alone, … Continue reading SENSE OF PRESENCE
VISCERAL Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Pain and deep sensation These are termed visceral hallucinations by Sims (2003). Some patients with chronic schizophrenia may complain of twisting and tearing pains. These may be very bizarre when the patient complains that his organs are being torn out or the flesh ripped away from his body. For … Continue reading VISCERAL Hallucinations
GUSTATORY AND TACTILE Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Taste (gustatory) Hallucinations of taste occur in schizophrenia and acute organic states but it is not always easy to know whether the patient actually tastes something odd or if it is a delusional explanation of the effect of feeling strangely changed. Depressed patients often describe a loss of taste … Continue reading GUSTATORY AND TACTILE Hallucinations
OLFACTORY Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Smell (olfactory) Hallucinations of odour can occur in schizophrenia and organic states and, uncommonly, in depressive psychosis. It may be difficult to be sure if there is a hallucination or an illusion. There may also be a problem distinguishing olfactory hallucination from delusion since there are some people who … Continue reading OLFACTORY Hallucinations
VISUAL Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Vision These may be elementary in the form of flashes of light, partly organised in the form of patterns, or completely organised in the form of visions of people, objects or animals. Figures of living things and inanimate objects may appear against the normally perceived environment or scenic hallucinations … Continue reading VISUAL Hallucinations
AUDITORY Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Hearing (auditory) Hallucinatory voices were called ‘phonemes’ by Wernicke in 1900, although this term, a technical one derived from linguistics, is rarely used now. Auditory hallucination may be elementary and unformed, and experienced as simple noises, bells, undifferentiated whispers or voices. Elementary auditory hallucinations can occur in organic states … Continue reading AUDITORY Hallucinations
causes of Hallucinations
Source : FISH ’S Clinical psychopathology Causes Hallucinations can be the result of intense emotions or psychiatric disorder, suggestion, disorders of sense organs, sensory deprivation and disorders of the central nervous system. Emotion Very depressed patients with delusions of guilt may hear voices reproaching them. These are not the continuous voices of paranoid schizophrenia or … Continue reading causes of Hallucinations
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